Objective 1.7 Hobbes Vs. Locke

        I agree with Locke who believes that people are naturally good and that we will  make decisions based on what is good for other people. Locke believed we should have a democracy, as do I. A democracy is good for government because all the people have a say and not just one person who will only do things for themselves. Locke says and I believe that people keep their promises and they are mostly peaceful, good, and pleasant. Hobbes believes people are naturally evil and we need an absolute democracy. He says men cannot know good and evil, and in consenquence can only live in peace together by subjection to absolute power of a common master. I disagree with this. For the most part, people focus on not only the good of themselves, but the good of their friends and family. I believe that Hobbes is wrong. 

             Locke's ideal form of government is a democracy and Hobbes' ideal form of government is an absolute monarch. Locke believes men have rights by nature and Hobbes' believes you conceited your rights to the government in return for your life. Locke believes humans are naturally good and Hobbes' believes people are naturally evil. Locke thinks people can have peace with themselves and can choose the right decisions so we can govern ourselves and Hobbes' thinks people can't govern themselves because it would be chaos. Locke believes the purpous of government is to protect our rights. Locke said if the government doesn't protect our rights we have the right to overtake the government. 

            I agree with Locke's beliefs that people are naturally good and we can govern ourselves. We should have a democracy because if we have an absolute monarch that's too much power for one person to have. We copy Locke's beliefs because we have a democracy with many people ruling instead of just one ruler. 

Compare and Contrast American and French Revolution

Enlightenment Survey

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Enlightenment in Europe Main Idea Log 22.2

Two Views on Government Thesis- John Locke and Thomas Hobbes both contributed ideas that started the Enlightenment although their views were very different.
Hobbes's Social Contract
-Believed humans were naturally selfish and wicked.
-Without government there would be war, life would be poor and short.
-Created a Social Agreement, people gave up their rights to a strong ruler in exchange for law and order. (absolute monarchy)
Locke's Natural Rights
-Believed people could learn from experience and better themselves.
-Self-government
-All people are born free and equal with life, liberty, and property. (democracy)
The Philosophes Advocate Reason Thesis- French philosophers, philosophes, had 5 concepts for their beliefs; reason, nature, happiness, progress, and liberty.
Voltaire Combats Intolerance
-Most brilliant and influential philosophes.
-Never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, freedom of speech.
-His sharp tongue made him many opponents.
Montesquieu and the Separation of Powers
-Studied political liberty.
-Believed Britain's form of government was the best and most politically balanced, separation of powers.
-His idea of checks and balances was the base of the United States Constitution.
Rousseau: Champion of Freedom
-Philosophe committed to individual freedom.
-Believed civilization corrupted people's natural goodness.
-Direct democracy, his ideas inspired many leaders of the French Revolution to overthrow the monarchy.
Beccaria Promotes Criminal Justice
-Believed that laws existed to preserve social order, not to avenge crimes.
-Argued that a person accused of a crime should receive a speedy trial and torture should not be used.
-Believed the punishment should be based off the seriousness of the crime.
Women and the Enlightenment Thesis- Women made a big impact in the enlightenment, changing how women were viewed, giving them more power.
Legacy of the Enlightenment Thesis- Philosophes challenged old beliefs and ideas, formed new theories, and inspired the American and French revolutionary movements. It helped shape modern civilization.
Belief in Progress
-With help from the ideas of Galileo and Newton, scientific knowledge quickened in the 1700s.
-Scientists made new discoveries.
-Philosophes urged an end to slavery and fought for greater social equality and democracy.
A More Secular Outlook
-People began to question their beliefs and the teachings of the church.
-Scientists discovered mathematical solutions to what people thought were the workings of God.
-Voltaire attacked some of the beliefs and practices of Christianity, hoping to get rid of superstition and promote tolerance of all religions.
Importance of the Individual
-People turned away from religion and looked to themselves instead.
-Encouraged to use their own ability to judge what is right or wrong.
-Adam Smith believed individuals acting in their own self interest promoted economic growth.